Spatial and temporal diversity patterns and influencing factors in “production system-life system-ecosystem” coupled coordination in resource-based cities in China

An evaluation index for coupled coordinated development of “production system-life system-ecosystem” in resource-based cities was constructed, spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of coordinated development from 2001 to 2017 in 104 resource-based cities in China were analyzed with entropy weight method, coupled coordination degree model, and regression analysis．The coupled coordination degree of the “production system-life system-ecosystem” is found to be on the rise, but development rate is slow．The problem of uncoordination in resource-depleting cities has emerged．Small fluctuation range is found in Southwest China, fast rise in Northwest China, scattered fluctuation in East China, largest fluctuation in North and Northeast China．Economic growth, actual utilization of foreign capital, science and technology, social security, education, energy conservation and environmental protection and other factors are found to all play significant roles in promoting coupled coordinated development．Industrial development, spatial expansion, and energy consumption per unit GDP are found to play a significant restrictive role in coupled coordinated development．In future, resource-based cities should break swiftly path dependence of traditional resource industries, but cultivate strategic emerging industries, modern service industries and other alternative industries, and participate in international industrial division of labor．Construction of social security, education, scientific and technological system must be strengthened．Efficient and intensive development methods should be selected for urban public infrastructure construction and land development．Alterations in economic development and life style at the technical level will fundamentally weaken the impact of economic and social activities on the ecosystem．