Urban flood simulation based on land-atmosphere coupling models

Extension of lead time for urban flood forecasting could have much response time to formulate an emergency plan and implement flood control to reduce potential hazards from urban flooding．It is especially true for urban areas with short flow routing time, intensive rainstorm duration, and high precipitation intensity．One of the most effective measures to prolong lead time of urban flood forecasting is to use land-atmosphere coupling model of urban flood simulation technology based on numerical weather prediction technology and multi-source/high-resolution data．Five types of precipitation input data and their application conditions in urban flood simulation and prediction are summarized．State-of-art numerical weather prediction technology in regional heavy precipitation simulation is reviewed．Methods commonly used to simulate urban runoff generation and urban flow routing processes are summarized and compared．Progress in numerical precipitation prediction technology in urban flood simulation and prediction is reviewed．Key issues and solutions for urban flood simulation technology based on land-atmosphere coupling model are proposed．With improvements in urban flood simulation technology, decrease in uncertainty in numerical precipitation prediction results and improvement of urban flood simulation are major ways to improve accuracy of urban flood prediction．