Photo(electro)catalytic CO₂ reduction on semiconductor-based heterojunctions

Among the progress to achieve carbon-neutral sustainability, CO₂ capture, storage and conversion have been the focus of research in academia and industry．Photo(electric) catalytic CO₂ conversion has been considered as one of the most effective strategies to solve the energy shortage and mitigate excessive CO₂ emission, and it is expected to realize the solar economy and carbon-based economy．Here, we introduce the research progress of heterojunction in photo(electric) catalytic CO₂ to fuels (CH₄, C_nH_2n+1OH) or chemicals (HCOOH, CH₃COCH₃), focusing on the effects of various semiconductor-based heterojunction system on photo (electro) catalytic performance of CO₂ reduction, and the charge transfer mechanism of II-type, Z-type and crystal-plane heterojunctions is described in detail．The advantages and problems of various heterojunction systems are discussed, respectively．This review provides new insights for the design and synthesis of heterojunction catalysts with excellent catalytic performance, high selectivity and good stability．