Out-of-plane resonance of fixed boundary graphene driven by an electric field

Graphene is important in low-dimensional condensed matter physics． Due to its two-dimensional structure with only a single atomic layer, graphene exhibits excellent structural flexibility and can sustain diverse structural deformations． This mechanical property makes strain control of graphene properties extremely convenient． Starting from a continuum model, this article explores the out-of-plane resonance with different modes of fixed boundary graphene sheets driven by a vertical external electric field． These resonance modes are closely related to the phonon properties of graphene． Atomic level phonon calculations reveal that out-of-plane polarized phonon modes capture such modes, frequencies of these phonon are consistent with prediction of the continuous model． The non-uniform deformation of graphene structure induced by external fields provides a new approach for strain engineering of graphene．